Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for unwinding DNA during replication?
DNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase
Helicase
Ligase
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
Energy production
Protein modification and packaging
DNA replication
Waste removal
Which molecule acts as the energy currency of the cell?
DNA
RNA
ATP
Glucose
What type of immunity is acquired through vaccination?
Innate immunity
Passive immunity
Active immunity
Natural immunity
Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtration?
Loop of Henle
Glomerulus
Collecting duct
Distal tubule
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
Transfers amino acids
Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome
Forms ribosomes
Breaks down proteins
Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
Thyroxine
Insulin
Adrenaline
Estrogen
What is the term for programmed cell death?
Necrosis
Apoptosis
Mutation
Differentiation
Which structure is responsible for maintaining cell shape in plant cells?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Nucleus
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